The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization

The Karavansalija Mineralized Center (KMC) with its Au–Cu skarn mineralization associated the Rogozna Mountains magmatic suite in southwestern Serbia belongs to Oligocene Serbo-Macedonian and metallogenic belt (SMM-MB). Samples from intrusive volcanic rocks at KMC show typical arc signatures of subduction-derived magmas through enrichment large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) depletion high–field strength (HFSE). developed a high-K (calc-alkaline) fractionation trend evolved toward shoshonitic compositions. Whole-rock trace element data suggest plagioclase-absent, high-pressure amphibole ± garnet that generates adakite-like hydrous during evolution lower crustal magma chambers. Zircon LA–ICP–MS high-precision CA–ID–TIMS dating together zircon Hf isotope measurements were carried out order couple geochronologic geochemical KMC. results magmatism starts around 29.34 Ma granitic rhyodacitic subvolcanic intrusions followed by more intrusion was emplaced into Cretaceous limestone, generating widespread alteration ca. 28.96 Ma. After period quiescence about 1.2 My, either another body or same upper chamber recharged also likely partly reactivated older plutonic as indicated xenocrysts. REE ratios shift apatite, titanite amphibole-dominated event crystallization allanite, efficiently depleting LREE Th/U younger magma. lamproite-like melt injected, increased heat fluid pressure led expulsion quartz-monzonite porphyritic stock 27.72 Ma, strongly interacting skarns established fertile hydrothermal system. Soon after non-mineralized second pulse some porphyry dykes cut previous phenocryst-rich “crowded” porphyries 27.60 thus bracketing maximum timespan ore 112 45 Ka. Increased contribution is inferred presence phlogopite micro-phenocrysts, phlogopitization biotite, diopside clusters latest dykes. There assimilation oldest phase emplacement youngest recorded ɛ-Hf zircons. occurrences significant base metal within Serbia, northern Macedonia, Greece, e.g., Crnac, Rudnik, Veliki Majdan, Stratoniu, Cu–Au Buchim (northern Macedonia), are all trachy-andesitic (quartz latitic) dykes, which originated post-collisional tectonic settings plate extension involving reworking arc-derived partial melting mantle wedge. This study demonstrates on basis field relationships application CA-ID-TIMS age data, pulses 10ka range can be distinguished, timing parenthized.